Intensive Care Consultant: Superhero or normal human being but more capable!

Submission content Introduction: Intensive care medicine has become an admired, loved, hated, and definitely more interesting Specialty due to a special situation (COVID-19) that exposed the training process to numerous criticisms, positives, and negatives, and this is how I believe we could improve our beloved world. Proposal: 1. Ideal training program from medical school to Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT): * Medical school: In their last year they should do more than 1 week in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) * Stage 1: there should be a core surgical training of at least 6 months * Stage 2: there should be a rotation on Psychiatry of at least 4 weeks with on calls in ICU and 2 weeks in Palliative Care * Stage 3: acting as a consultant for the last six months on ST7 with backup from a formal consultant, and * Surgical training should be included in the possible dual or triple CCT 2. How would we be assessed? I agree with the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) staging program assessment, with some modifications: * As ST7 the trainee should act as a consultant with back support at least 50% of the stage and need to be evaluated by a Multi-Source Feedback (MSF). * Clinical Fellows should have a consultant as a Certificate of Eligibility for Specialist Registration (CESR) guide who establishes the equivalent stage of training supporting them and assessing them under the same model. * Changing the way, the General Medical Council (GMC) conducts the CESR application and making it really equivalent to the ICM training with the FFICM curriculum. 3. What do we need to be taught? * Hot topics for ICU (academic), * Overseas talks to share experiences, * Ultrasound (FUSIC), * Wellbeing strategies, * Leadership training * Psychiatric and physiological effects post ICU for patients and staff, * The administrative and political model of the National Health Service (NHS), and * Communication skills to establish excellent relationships with the other specialties. 4. What would our working life look like? * Normal day: 8 am to 3 pm * Midday shift: 1 pm to 8:30 pm * Night shift: 8 pm to 8:30 am * A rolling rota of 12 weeks with 2 weekends during this time 5. How would you produce Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) Consultants of the future who both love their job and their life: * Starting with less intense shifts, * More cordial relationships between the teams, * Supporting ICM trainees and Fellows going through their CESR pathway, * Making the training more attractive to either male-female doctors getting them involved in as many different specialties as ICM can cover, Conclusion(s): Having full-time ICM Consultants should be welcome in all ICUs in the country, which is not at the moment. This will definitely attract a lot of excellent doctors who are 100% focused on ICM.

Virtual learning before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study of Pharmacy students

Background It is a challenge for pharmacy courses worldwide to combine theoretical knowledge with practical skills to equip students for their future practice. Computer-based simulation offers a way of building a bridge between theory and practice. In recent years, digital simulation has expanded rapidly as a new technique of virtual learning. The digital platform ''Pharmacy Simulator'' proposes computer-based encounters with virtual patients to train clinical and communication skills in a community pharmacy setting. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, while students were digitally resilient and endured the endless challenges of online lectures, many were dealing with Zoom and screen fatigue. Purpose To investigate pharmacy students' acceptance of Pharmacy Simulator before and during a pandemic situation. This focuses on students' self-assessment and confidence in counselling after playing the scenarios on Pharmacy Simulator. Method Two cohorts of Master of Pharmacy students at The University of Western Australia played two scenarios on Pharmacy Simulator in 2019 (anaphylaxis and salbutamol) and 2021 (anaphylaxis and vaccination). A mixed-method analysis was performed with data from (i) qualitative semi-structured interviews carried out in 2019 pertaining to participants' acceptance of Pharmacy Simulator and in 2021 (ii) a questionnaire with 25 items derived from the interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim into electronic format with the data management assistance MAXQDA and analyzed inductively using the Framework Method. Questionnaire responses were analyzed in Microsoft Excel using descriptive statistics. Openended questions were evaluated inductively. Findings Data were collected from 20 interviews and 31 answered questionnaires. In 2019, participants reported that Pharmacy Simulator was a fun, engaging, and straightforward learning tool and, therefore, user-friendly. They reported the feedback at the end of the session to be most valuable. The platform was perceived to fill the gap between the theory from lectures and community pharmacy practice. In 2021, participants ''agreed'' (median: 4, on a 5-point Likert scale) with seven statements about Pharmacy Simulator's usability, such as it being a helpful tool for acquiring new knowledge. Participants' confidence in counselling regarding the scenario topics improved. One participant stated, ''It taught me more through trial and error''. Conclusion Pharmacy students reported similar acceptance levels of Pharmacy Simulator before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of simulation during virtual patient encounters seems to facilitate the transfer from theory to practice, independently of learning conditions that were predominantly screen-based.

Inheritance and innovation: maintain academic communications in microsurgery under the normalized prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemics.

Chinese Journal of Microsurgery, based on the premise of doing well in the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemics, shall keep on driving on the inheritance and innovation, carry forward the spirit of microsurgery, give full play to the advantages of microsurgery technology and improve the level of surgical repair and reconstruction, as well as try new ways for academic communications and give full play to the roles of an academic platform for a professional magazine;Clinical Orthopaedic Microsurgery (internal communication), the internal journal of editorial office, is the "showcase in China" to highlight and disseminate the achievements in microsurgery, focus on the support for the Chinese young microsurgeons who work in the front-line of medical services, provide a platform effectively for the young microsurgeons in China to actively participate in the Sino-English literary exchange, and truly "publish the papers on the land of our motherland".Copyright © 2022 by the authors.

Remote care for chronic pain: A qualitative evaluation with managers, practitioners, and patients

The Covid-19 pandemic obliged many healthcare providers to transition rapidly to a remote-only model of care. Concerns have been expressed about patient access to remote services, their appropriateness for sensitive consultations and physical examinations. Pre-pandemic research into telemedicine showed evidence of its effectiveness, but patient, staff and service user perspectives on remote care approaches remain unclear. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of care among patients, practitioners and managers in a single United Kingdom chronic pain organisation whose services were delivered remotely (telephone and online) during the pandemic. Nineteen participants (seven patients, seven practitioners, five managers) took part in in-depth qualitative interviews, conducted via telephone or online. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Five service provider and four service user themes were generated. Service provider themes comprised "The change process," "Accessibility and efficiency," "Effective when remote: Contact, support and education," "Concerns about communication, connection and disembodied work," and "Supporting and sustaining the team." Patients' themes comprised "Preferences, expectations and acceptance of remote care," "Convenience and accessibility," "Sense of support" and "Delivery modality matters." The study provides evidence from the qualitative evaluation of a single remote only service of its benefits and limitations as perceived by stakeholders. Findings suggest that service providers could address limitations, and progress to a blended care package, based on for patient need and choice. Further attention could be paid to services delivered by telephone, and to staff communication skills, resources, time management and wellbeing needs.Copyright © Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Maternal Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Child Cognitive Development

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on pregnant persons' mental health. Prepandemic data reports an impact of depression, anxiety, and stress on the emotional and behavioral development of the child. Objective(s): We aimed to evaluate the impact of gestational maternal depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic on the child's cognitive development at 18 months. Method(s): The CONCEPTION study is a prospective mother-child cohort, established since June 23, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression and anxiety were assessed during pregnancy using validated tools in French and English (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] and General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) as well as stress and antidepressant consumption. The child's cognitive development was reported by the mother using the third edition of Ages and stages questionnaires (ASQ-3) at 18 months of age. Data on other covariates were collected electronically. Multivariate linear regression models were built to assess the association between prenatal maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and child development across domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social domains while adjusting for covariates. In addition, sensitivity analyses have been added like COVID-19 diagnosis. Result(s): Overall, 445 mother-child dyads were included in analyses (mean gestational age at delivery 39.2 weeks +/-1.8). Mean gestational scores were, for depression (EDPS, 7.8+/-5.4), anxiety (GAD-7, 4.4+/-4.0), and stress (4.3+/-2.1). Adjusting for potential confounders, as well as for maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy, maternal prenatal stress was associated with communication skills (adjusted beta = 1.5, CI 95 % (0.34, 2.7)) and fine motor skills (adjusted beta = 1.06, CI 95 % (0.02, 2.6)) at 18 months age. Gestational depression, anxiety, and antidepressants use were not associated with any of the ASQ-3's domains. In addition, no significant association was found in stratified analysis for COVID-19 diagnosis. Conclusion(s): During the COVID-19 pandemic, gestational maternal stress was associated with some aspects of childhood cognitive problems, including communication and fine motor skills. Our results highlight the need to continue following-up on children until kindergarten to better understand the impact of maternal mental health during pregnancy on the child's cognitive development in the era of COVID-19.

The eXtraordinarY BABIES STUDY: EARLY SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN INFANTS WITH SEX CHROMOSOME TRISOMY (SCT)

Purpose of Study: The eXtraordinarY Babies Study is a natural history study of health and neurodevelopment in infants with a prenatal diagnosis of SCT. Given the increased risk for social difficulties and autism in SCT in later childhood and beyond, the study explores trajectories of early social communication development to identify early predictors of outcomes, and relationship of social communication skills to developmental profiles. Methods Used: A subset of 56 participants (XXY=43, XYY=4, XXX=9) from the eXtraordinarY Babies Study completed the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule- 2nd edition (ADOS-2), Toddler Module as part of the 12-month visit and The Bayley-3 Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The ADOS-2 provides ratings of 0 (typical development), 1 (mild atypicality), and 2 (atypical) for communication, social interaction, and other behavior items, and an algorithm classifies total score into categories of: Little-No Concern, Mild-Moderate Concern, Moderate-Severe Concern. Analyses were limited to those who completed the assessment prior to COVID19 mask/shield requirements. Summary of Results: High rates of delayed or atypical development of early social communication skills were identified, with >75% of the sample showing scores of 1 or 2 in frequency of babbling, spontaneous vocalizations, gesture use, and pointing. 58% of the sample showed unusual eye contact and vocalizations. Over 50% received atypical scores on items assessing the quality of eye contact. Participants showed few restricted and repetitive behaviors. Results of ADOS-2 total scores: Little-no concern 50%, Mild-Moderate concern 35.7%, Moderate-severe concern 14.3%. No one was assigned a clinical diagnosis of ASD. For this group, Bayley-3 results showed average Cognitive (scaled score 10.8 sd1.9) and Fine motor skills (9.3 sd2.3), followed by lower Receptive (8.2 sd2.4) and Expressive Language (8.9 sd3.0) and below average Gross Motor skills (7.9 sd2.6). Receptive language scores negatively correlated with ADOS-2 Social Affect (r= -.38, p = < .001) and Overall Total (r= -.41, p = < .001). Conclusion(s): Even at an early age, toddlers with SCT are at increased risk for language, communication, and social interaction delays. While no participants were diagnosed with ASD at 12 months of age, social communication deficits known to be "red flags" for later diagnosis of ASD were seen in a subset of young children with SCT. Prospective follow-up will allow us to determine the trajectory of these deficits and those that may predict higher risk for more significant clinical symptoms.

Environmental Wellness Coping Strategies During Covid-19 Among Australian Families

The worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic affected every part of human lives, including the environment. Though not a welcoming era, it is certain that the 2019 pandemic was not the first of its kind nor is it going to be the last to affect human wellness. The various protocols implemented to mitigate the spread of the pandemic had significant effects on the wellness dimension relating to the environment. This study intended to explore the environmental wellness challenges experienced by some families in Melbourne, Australia, during COVID-19 and the strategies they used as they transitioned through the pandemic. The study outcome indicated that, the pandemic had both positive and negative effects on the environmental wellness of the families in this study. The strategies of the families are worthy of notice, for future approaches to deal with any pandemic. The study framed five possible inductive themes along the environmental wellness situation before COVID-19, overall effect of COVID-19 on environmental wellness, impact of COVID-19 on specific aspects of environmental wellness, pathways to the management of environmental wellness during COVID-19 and critically analyzing recommended changes to environmental wellness by the families in the study. It is expected that the proper implementation of the proposed strategies will significantly contribute toward environmental wellness for individuals and families facing environmental wellness challenges.Copyright © 2023, Codon Publications. All rights reserved.

Incorporating Simulation Based Training in the Initial Training of New Graduate Registered Nurses in a Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) Unit

Topic significance and study purpose/background/rationale: Nursing schools today have placed greater emphasis on online learning leading to limitations in clinical experience and communication skills. Staff turnover has also led to an increase in novice nurses entering the BMT specialty who are then trained by those with limited experience themselves emphasizing the need to incorporate new teaching methods in our nursing residency programs. Methods, intervention, and analysis: An orientation program was developed incorporating nursing competencies, communication skills, critical thinking, and oncology/BMT knowledge aligned with the hospital's new graduate RN residency program. In addition to formal classroom education covering basic nursing skills, institutional protocols, and foundational oncology/BMT knowledge, simulation scenarios were developed reviewing multiple complications often seen in a BMT unit, including febrile neutropenia, septic shock, and cellular therapy infusion reactions. Debriefing and surveys were conducted evaluating the nurse's level of comfort with the scenarios prior to and after simulation. Findings and interpretation: Each simulation lasted thirty minutes followed by one hour of debriefing, analysis, and evaluation. Individual nursing interventions utilized in the scenario were aligned with appropriate hospital policies and best nursing clinical practices. A survey was conducted rating the level of comfort before and after the simulation. 100% of the nurses reported feeling more comfortable with the situations reviewed after undergoing the simulation. Feedback also included novice nurses' lack of experience with oncologic emergencies during their orientation as preceptors often felt compelled to intervene leaving the resident with less hands-on experience. The novice nurses also felt the simulation provided them with the practical clinical experience that had been limited during the COVID-19 pandemic when more novice nurses were training simultaneously with less numbers of cellular therapy patients. Discussion and implications: Simulation provides a safe and effective way of teaching novice nurses about the cellular therapy specialty and common complications when hands-on experience is limited. By incorporating simulation into training, the nurse residents feel more comfortable practicing independently. Greater confidence, enhanced critical thinking, and improved patient outcomes were advantages noted with this educational method. The benefits and success of these simulations will lead to more scenarios being incorporated into training as the BMT specialty continues to evolve.Copyright © 2023 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

A Comparison Between In-Person and Virtual OSCE on Advanced Communication Skills for Senior Medical Students (Sci200)

Outcomes: 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual communication workshop in comparison to prior in-person format. 2. Gauge medical students' level of emotional support during an advanced communication workshop in the virtual setting. Introduction: Medical schools rapidly adopted virtual learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many descriptions of virtual objective-structured clinical examinations (OSCE) have been published;however, there have been no studies comparing the effectiveness of in-person and virtual formats for medical students. Method(s): The investigators revised a previously conducted workshop from in-person to virtual format. The workshop is a five-station formative OSCE focused on advanced communication skills for senior medical students. After each station, examinees completed a self-assessment checklist (Communication Behavior Checklist;CBC) and received checklist-based assessments (CBC and modified Master Interview Rating Scale;mMIRS) from two same-level peers. Afterward, a faculty-led debrief was performed to review clinical cases, emotional responses, and student questions. A post-OSCE survey based on one collected after the prior in-person OSCE was distributed to students. Result(s): Eighty-three students participated in the virtual OSCE. Overall, CBC scores were lower in the virtual OSCE compared to in-person (p<0.05). There was no difference in mMIRS scores between virtual and in-person OSCE. Sixty-seven out of 83 (80.7%) students completed the post-OSCE survey. Results showed no difference between virtual and in-person OSCE in terms of educational value, whether the OSCE would change the way participants talk to patients, and preparedness to have serious conversations with patients. All 67 students somewhat or strongly agreed with feeling emotionally supported during the virtual OSCE. Discussion(s): In conclusion, a virtual OSCE on advanced communication skills was well received by students who reported similar educational value compared with a prior in-person OSCE. Students felt emotionally supported in the virtual format. While student performance related to interview process (mMIRS) was similar, scores on interview content (CBC) were significantly lower in the virtual environment compared with the prior in-person OSCE. For future virtual iterations, modifications may be necessary to ensure adequate instruction on interview content.Copyright © 2023

Impact of mass media on the population as a precautionary prevention from COVID-19 in Iraq

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of both traditional mass media and social digital media on the population to prevent the Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Three hundred twenty participants were included. A questionnaire was prepared consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and the effect of traditional mass media and mobile digital media on the population. The sources used for information included TV (72.8 %), Facebook (71.2 %), health professionals (64.4 %), Instagram (28.1 %), Twitter (16.8 %), Radio (14.4 %) and mobile Apps (Viber and WhatsApp being 30.9 %). Social Media could be blamed for aiding the spread of stress and hysteria among people.Copyright © 2021 Health Biotechnology And Biopharma. All Rights Reserved.

Why Did the Scientist Cross the Road? A Case Study on Using Science Comedy to Improve Communication Skills in the Healthcare Science Workforce

The COVID-19 pandemic put a spotlight on healthcare in a way that had never been seen before in the UK. Scientists and their role in developing policy was the focus of the media for the first time making effective public engagement from healthcare scientists more important than ever before. While completing science communication activities is now mandatory for trainees and researchers, there is no communication training as part of the formalised training pathway. In the most recent Public Attitudes to Science report 38% of respondents felt scientists were poor communicators and 49% felt that scientists did not put enough effort into showing their work. This demonstrates that providing communication skills training for healthcare scientists is vital to support engagement and build trust with the public and patients. A 3250 outreach and engagement grant was received from the Society for Applied Microbiology (SfAM) to commission at science comedy training session and put on two 'Stand up for Healthcare Science' comedy shows. The fully booked training was run by Dr Steve Cross who helped the participants define what made comedy funny to them and developed comedy sets about their work using emotion to engage audiences. The two Stand up for Healthcare Science shows were performed online each featuring six healthcare scientists and receiving over 670 views on YouTube. Four of the participants have gone onto perform at additional science comedy events as a direct result of attending the SfAM funded science comedy training sessions. Additional participants have reported that the sessions gave them more confidence in their communication and public speaking skills that they would continue to use in future outreach work. This was a highly unusual outreach and engagement project that gave healthcare scientists new skills to effectively engage (and entertain!) their audiences.

Violence Against Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic In India

Purpose: The violence against healthcare workers is one of the world's serious public health and patient care challenges. This is often exacerbated during emergencies, and the same has been observed during COVID-19. Method(s): The study reported an analysis of media reports during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic from India. We searched and analysed violent incidents against healthcare workers reported in English & Hindi online media. Our media analysis also reported perpetrators and triggers to mitigate violence against healthcare workers. Finding(s): We studied 51 incidents of violence, during March 2020-August 2021, as per our inclusion criteria. The majority of this reported violence occurred from the government hospitals (45.1%), followed by the community (29.4%), private hospitals (19.6%), quarantine facilities (4.0%), and burial grounds (1.9%). Doctors were targeted in the majority (82.3%), followed by other hospital staff (security and support) (33.3%), nurses (9.8%), ANMs (3.9%), and ASHA (2.0%). The majority of reported incidents were related to physical violence (58.9%), followed by verbal and physical combined (23.5%), sexual harassment (9.8%), and verbal (7.8%). The preparators of violence were family members (53.0%), community (31.4%), police officials (7.8%), and patients (7.8%). Conclusion(s): The actions required to mitigate the violence against healthcare workers require a multipronged approach with the introduction of strict policy measures and their implementation. The mandatory training of healthcare workers in soft and communication skills, protection, and coping mechanisms to prevent and de-escalate such incidents.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Gratitude Journal as an Instrument to Increase the Level of Gratitude among Adolescent in Ambon during COVID-19

COVID-19, which has plagued the world since 2020, has brought changes in the order of human life globally, and ultimately has an impact on the psychological state of individuals, including teenagers. The aim of this study is to find the differences between students' gratitude score before and after the implementation of writing gratitude journal regularly. Participants on this study was 20 adolescents in Ambon City Maluku Indonesia, consists of 6 boys and 14 girls. The participants age was between 15-16 years old. Quantitative Method with experimental design used in this study. From the results, it was found that the significant value in the table paired samples correlations was 0.418, meaning that there are relationship between the results of the pre-test and post-test because the value was > sig. 0.05. Although the increase in the value of gratitude among adolescents in Ambon is not too large and increases their classification to be included in the criteria for groups that have sufficient gratitude scores, the important thing explained in implementing gratitude education actually lies in its aim to inspire students that it is important to be grateful in all circumstances. and it's not just about saying thank you or showing grateful behavior. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

The Virtues of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatments in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder

As America continues to face the opioid epidemic, numerous people have made great strides in receiving formal treatment for their opioid use disorder (OUD). This research seeks to examine the effects of providing osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) along with traditional OUD pharmacological methods in providing results for patients. By using prior research on OMT techniques, we were able to uncover how effective OMT can be in reducing the time and discomfort associated with seeking opioid recovery. Osteopathic manipulative treatment, in combination with traditional pharmacology, was associated with reduction of somatic pain, higher success with medication-assisted treatment and lower costs. This research also highlights the importance of OMT in the era of COVID-19 social distancing, as well as special considerations when treating those with trauma histories associated with their disorder. We argue the benefit of OMT in combination with pharmacological methods can be successful at reducing the overall burden of prior OUDs.Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians. All rights reserved.

Low Treatment Fidelity as an Indication to Switch Interventions: Pivoting From Child-Parent Psychotherapy to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Trauma

Young children who experience trauma and adverse experiences are at an increased risk of developing an insecure attachment style as well as negative physical and mental health problems. These can include internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, developmental delay, emotional dysregulation, and aggression. Several evidence-based interventions exist to treat young children with symptoms related to trauma, each with different foundational theories. This article presents the case of a 4-year-old boy with posttraumatic stress disorder who was in the middle of a legal fight between caregivers and transitioning between caregivers' homes. Initially, therapy began with Child-Parent Psychotherapy to address caregivers' first concerns. Later, the therapeutical approach was switched to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy due to difficulty with treatment fidelity related to caregivers' symptoms and conflict. This case demonstrates great improvement in treatment fidelity and subsequently problem behaviors after switching to an intervention that allowed to address behavior management shortcomings in a family with ongoing conflict.Copyright © The Author(s) 2022.

Soft skills in academic procrastination in postgraduate students, COVID-19

Objective: the research was aimed at verifying the incidence of soft skills in academic procrastination. Method(s): the study was causal correlational, with a sample of 352 graduate stu-dents, who were evaluated with the CPA Academic Procrastination questionnaire and the Soft Skills questionnaire, which were submitted online in Google Forms, with prior informed consent. Result(s): The results evidenced an inverse association between soft skills and academic procrastination;furthermore, a low but significant incidence (-,369**) was found between the variables under study. Conclusion(s): A low but significant inverse incidence of the antecedent variable on the consequent variable was found.Copyright © 2022, Venezuelan Society of Pharmacology and Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacology. All rights reserved.

Importance of the communication of university teachers in Peru, in virtual education: Systematic review

The article is framed in the category of systematic review, responds to the review, analysis, and bibliographic selection of existing articles of the last 10 years, linked to the importance of university teacher communication in virtual education. It aims to describe the importance of university teacher communication in the teaching-learning process within virtual educational practice. He belongs to the research line of pedagogical innovation, is descriptively and methodologically has followed the guidelines of the flow of systematic review of the scientific literature, making use of the prism method, review table of articles, table of s, statistical graphs of the reviewed scientific literature, analysis of the results, discussion, and conclusions of the reviewed literature.The results of the 23 selected articles make visible the position of different writers regarding the communication of the university professor, virtual education, the link between both criteria and certain characteristics;the literature reflects a lack of articles that delimit the impact of the communicative strategies used in the virtual education process. However, relevant information was found regarding the importance of communication and communication skills of teachers in their educational practice and in the process of training future professionals. Copyright © 2022, Venezuelan Society of Pharmacology and Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacology. All rights reserved.

Simulation in Urological Training: The Hybrid Model of Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar A Comparative Study

Background:"I fear the man who has practised one kick 10,000 times." Lee Bruce This aphorism highlights the growing importance of simulation in postgraduate urology training, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic, when all teaching and training activities were stopped, jeopardising postgraduate residents' education. Postgraduate residents must perform hours of surgical training to overcome urological learning curves. According to study, residents educated on simulators boost their summative scores. By introducing simulation to urology training in a way comparable to the well-known Halsted apprenticeship model, the current study emphasises the hybrid model of IKD. Objective(s): to compare the formative assessment results between residents taught on simulators and residents in the conventional apprenticeship model on factors of communication skills, technical competence, and overall capacity to conduct procedure on OSAT and DOPS. Material(s) and Method(s): from 2019 to 2021 this comparative study was conducted in the Department of Urology by Team C at the Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar. Group A (10 residents) and Group B (10 residents, 5 from the second and third years) received STEPS method OT instruction in the first phase. These simulators were used to impart knowledge to Group "B" Harvey for counseling and medical examinations Simulator for PCNL The second phase included a six-month training assignment swap between the two groups. A standard QSAT and DOPS proforma was used to evaluate each resident. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24.0. Result(s): Residents in Group A, who were originally exposed to the conventional technique, considerably outperformed Group B on Harvey (mean: 50.5;standard deviation: 2.21.1) in terms of communication skills, professionalism, and ethical concern during the first phase (p 0.001). However, the Group p0.05 shown considerably higher technical proficiency and overall process performance capacity. The mean technical skill and overall capacity to finish the process had a somewhat positive association in phase 1 in favour of group B (r=0.630, p 0.01). All QSAT and DOPS metrics significantly improved in the second phase. However, both groups did not vary significantly (p> 0.05). According to Pearson coefficient correlation, both groups considerably overcame their gaps in technical proficiency, communication skills, and procedural competence. (P= 0.001) Results are shown in Figures 1 through 06 and Tables 1 through 2. Conclusion(s): To improve the standard of urology residency in Pakistan, a hybrid paradigm that includes both simulation and actual performance is necessary. Copyright © 2022 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.